g_combat.cpp

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/*
Copyright (C) 2002-2020 UFO: Alien Invasion.

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

See the GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307, USA.

*/

#include "g_combat.h"
#include "g_actor.h"
#include "g_client.h"
#include "g_edicts.h"
#include "g_health.h"
#include "g_inventory.h"
#include "g_match.h"
#include "g_reaction.h"
#include "g_spawn.h"
#include "g_utils.h"
#include "g_vis.h"

#define MAX_WALL_THICKNESS_FOR_SHOOTING_THROUGH 8

typedef enum {
    ML_SHOOT,
    ML_WOUND,
    ML_DEATH
} morale_modifiers;

static bool G_TeamPointVis (int team, const vec3_t point)
{
    /* test if point is visible from team */
    Actor* from = nullptr;
    while ((from = G_EdictsGetNextLivingActorOfTeam(from, team))) {
        if (!G_FrustumVis(from, point))
            continue;
        /* get viewers eye height */
        vec3_t eye;
        G_ActorGetEyeVector(from, eye);

        /* line of sight */
        if (G_TestLine(eye, point))
            continue;
        const float distance = VectorDist(from->origin, point);
        bool blocked = false;
        /* check visibility in the smoke */
        if (distance >= UNIT_SIZE) {
            Edict* e = nullptr;
            while ((e = G_EdictsGetNextInUse(e))) {
                if (!G_IsSmoke(e))
                    continue;
                if (!RayIntersectAABB(eye, point, e->absBox))
                    continue;

                blocked = true;
                break;
            }
        }
        if (!blocked)
            return true;
    }

    /* not visible */
    return false;
}

static void G_Morale (morale_modifiers type, const Edict* victim, const Edict* attacker, int param)
{
    Actor* actor = nullptr;
    while ((actor = G_EdictsGetNextLivingActor(actor))) {
        /* this only applies to ET_ACTOR but not ET_ACTOR2x2 */
        if (actor->type != ET_ACTOR)
            continue;
        if (G_IsCivilian(actor))
            continue;

        /* morale damage depends on the damage */
        float mod = mob_wound->value * param;
        if (type == ML_SHOOT)
            mod *= mob_shoot->value;
        /* death hurts morale even more than just damage */
        if (type == ML_DEATH)
            mod += mob_death->value;
        /* seeing how someone gets shot increases the morale change */
        if (actor == victim || (G_FrustumVis(actor, victim->origin) && G_ActorVis(actor, victim, false)))
            mod *= mof_watching->value;
        if (attacker != nullptr && actor->isSameTeamAs(attacker)) {
            /* teamkills are considered to be bad form, but won't cause an increased morale boost for the enemy */
            /* morale boost isn't equal to morale loss (it's lower, but morale gets regenerated) */
            if (victim->isSameTeamAs(attacker))
                mod *= mof_teamkill->value;
            else
                mod *= mof_enemy->value;
        }
        /* seeing a civilian die is more "acceptable" */
        if (G_IsCivilian(victim))
            mod *= mof_civilian->value;
        /* if an ally (or in singleplayermode, as human, a civilian) got shot, lower the morale, don't heighten it. */
        if (victim->isSameTeamAs(actor) || (G_IsCivilian(victim) && !G_IsAlien(actor) && G_IsSinglePlayer()))
            mod *= -1;
        if (attacker != nullptr) {
            /* if you stand near to the attacker or the victim, the morale change is higher. */
            mod *= mor_default->value + pow(0.5f, VectorDist(actor->origin, victim->origin) / mor_distance->value)
                * mor_victim->value + pow(0.5f, VectorDist(actor->origin, attacker->origin) / mor_distance->value)
                * mor_attacker->value;
        } else {
            mod *= mor_default->value + pow(0.5f, VectorDist(actor->origin, victim->origin) / mor_distance->value)
                * mor_victim->value;
        }
        /* morale damage depends on the number of living allies */
        mod *= (1 - mon_teamfactor->value)
            + mon_teamfactor->value * (level.num_spawned[victim->getTeam()] + 1)
            / (level.num_alive[victim->getTeam()] + 1);
        /* being hit isn't fun */
        if (actor == victim)
            mod *= mor_pain->value;
        /* clamp new morale */
        /*+0.9 to allow weapons like flamethrowers to inflict panic (typecast rounding) */
        const int newMorale = actor->morale + (int) (MORALE_RANDOM(mod) + 0.9);
        if (newMorale > GET_MORALE(actor->chr.score.skills[ABILITY_MIND]))
            actor->setMorale(GET_MORALE(actor->chr.score.skills[ABILITY_MIND]));
        else if (newMorale < 0)
            actor->setMorale(0);
        else
            actor->setMorale(newMorale);

        /* send phys data */
        G_SendStats(*actor);
    }
}

static void G_ShotMorale (const Actor* shooter, const fireDef_t* fd, const vec3_t from, const Item* weapon, const vec3_t impact)
{
    /* Skip not detectable shoots */
    if (weapon->def()->dmgtype == gi.csi->damLaser || fd->irgoggles)
        return;

    Actor* check = nullptr;
    const float minDist = UNIT_SIZE * 1.5f;
    while ((check = G_EdictsGetNextLivingActor(check))) {
        /* Skip yourself */
        if (check == shooter)
            continue;
        pos3_t target;
        VecToPos(impact, target);
        /* Skip the hit actor -- morale was already handled */
        if (check->isSamePosAs(target))
            continue;
        vec3_t dir1, dir2;
        VectorSubtract(check->origin, from, dir1);
        VectorSubtract(impact, from, dir2);
        const float len1 = VectorLength(dir1);
        const float len2 = VectorLength(dir2);
        const float dot = DotProduct(dir1, dir2);
        if (dot / (len1 * len2) < 0.7f)
            continue;
        /* Skip if shooting next or over an ally */
        if (check->isSameTeamAs(shooter) && VectorDistSqr(check->origin, shooter->origin)
                <= minDist * minDist)
            continue;
        vec3_t vec1;
        if (len1 > len2) {
            VectorSubtract(dir2, dir1, vec1);
        } else {
            VectorScale(dir2, dot / (len2 * len2), vec1);
            VectorSubtract(dir1, vec1, vec1);
        }
        const float morDist = (check->isSamePosAs(target) ? UNIT_SIZE * 0.5f : minDist);
        if (VectorLengthSqr(vec1) <= morDist * morDist) {
            /* @todo Add a visibility check here? */
            G_Morale(ML_SHOOT, check, shooter, fd->damage[0]);
        }
    }
}

static void G_UpdateShotMock (shot_mock_t* mock, const Edict* shooter, const Edict* struck, int damage)
{
    assert(!struck->isSameAs(shooter) || mock->allow_self);

    if (damage <= 0)
        return;

    if (!struck->inuse || G_IsDead(struck))
        return;

    if (!G_IsAI(shooter) && !G_IsVisibleForTeam(struck, shooter->getTeam()))
        return;

    if (G_IsCivilian(struck))
        mock->civilian += 1;
    else if (struck->isSameTeamAs(shooter))
        mock->friendCount += 1;
    else if (G_IsActor(struck))
        mock->enemyCount += 1;
    else
        return;

    mock->damage += damage;
}

static void G_UpdateCharacterBodycount (Edict* attacker, const fireDef_t* fd, const Actor* target)
{
    if (!attacker || !target)
        return;

    chrScoreGlobal_t* scoreGlobal = &attacker->chr.score;
    chrScoreMission_t* scoreMission = attacker->chr.scoreMission;
    /* only phalanx soldiers have this */
    if (!scoreMission)
        return;

    killtypes_t type;
    switch (target->getTeam()) {
    case TEAM_ALIEN:
        type = KILLED_ENEMIES;
        if (fd) {
            assert(fd->weaponSkill >= 0);
            assert(fd->weaponSkill < lengthof(scoreMission->skillKills));
            scoreMission->skillKills[fd->weaponSkill]++;
        }
        break;
    case TEAM_CIVILIAN:
        type = KILLED_CIVILIANS;
        break;
    case TEAM_PHALANX:
        type = KILLED_TEAM;
        break;
    default:
        return;
    }

    if (target->isStunned()) {
        scoreMission->stuns[type]++;
        scoreGlobal->stuns[type]++;
    } else if (target->isDead()) {
        scoreMission->kills[type]++;
        scoreGlobal->kills[type]++;
    }
}

static void G_UpdateHitScore (Edict* attacker, const Edict* target, const fireDef_t* fd, const int splashDamage)
{
    if (!attacker || !target || !fd)
        return;

    chrScoreMission_t* score = attacker->chr.scoreMission;
    /* Abort if no player team. */
    if (!score)
        return;

    killtypes_t type;
    switch (target->getTeam()) {
        case TEAM_CIVILIAN:
            type = KILLED_CIVILIANS;
            break;
        case TEAM_ALIEN:
            type = KILLED_ENEMIES;
            break;
        default:
            return;
    }

    if (splashDamage) {
        if (attacker->isSameTeamAs(target)) {
            /* Increase friendly fire counter. */
            score->hitsSplashDamage[fd->weaponSkill][KILLED_TEAM] += splashDamage;
            if (!score->firedSplashHit[KILLED_TEAM]) {
                score->hitsSplash[fd->weaponSkill][KILLED_TEAM]++;
                score->firedSplashHit[KILLED_TEAM] = true;
            }
        }

        score->hitsSplashDamage[fd->weaponSkill][type] += splashDamage;
        if (!score->firedSplashHit[type]) {
            score->hitsSplash[fd->weaponSkill][type]++;
            score->firedSplashHit[type] = true;
        }
    } else {
        if (attacker->isSameTeamAs(target) && !score->firedHit[KILLED_TEAM]) {
            /* Increase friendly fire counter. */
            score->hits[fd->weaponSkill][KILLED_TEAM]++;
            score->firedHit[KILLED_TEAM] = true;
        }

        if (!score->firedHit[type]) {
            score->hits[fd->weaponSkill][type]++;
            score->firedHit[type] = true;
        }
    }
}

int G_ApplyProtection (const Edict* target, const byte dmgWeight, int damage)
{
    const int naturalProtection = target->chr.teamDef->resistance[dmgWeight];
    if (target->getArmour()) {
        const objDef_t* armourDef = target->getArmour()->def();
        const short armourProtection = armourDef->protection[dmgWeight];
        const short totalProtection = armourProtection + naturalProtection;
        damage = std::min(std::max(0, damage - armourProtection), std::max(1, damage - totalProtection));
    } else {
        damage = std::max(1, damage - naturalProtection);
    }
    return damage;
}

static bool G_Damage (Edict* target, const fireDef_t* fd, int damage, Actor* attacker, shot_mock_t* mock, const vec3_t impact)
{
    assert(target);

    const bool stunEl = (fd->obj->dmgtype == gi.csi->damStunElectro);
    const bool stunGas = (fd->obj->dmgtype == gi.csi->damStunGas);
    const bool shock = (fd->obj->dmgtype == gi.csi->damShock);
    const bool smoke = (fd->obj->dmgtype == gi.csi->damSmoke);

    /* Breakables */
    if (G_IsBrushModel(target) && G_IsBreakable(target)) {
        /* Breakables are immune to stun & shock damage. */
        if (stunEl || stunGas || shock || mock || smoke)
            return false;

        if (damage >= target->HP) {
            /* don't reset the HP value here, this value is used to distinguish
             * between triggered destroy and a shoot */
            assert(target->destroy);
            target->destroy(target);

            /* maybe the attacker is seeing something new? */
            G_CheckVisTeamAll(attacker->getTeam(), 0, attacker);

            /* check if attacker appears/perishes for any other team */
            G_CheckVis(attacker);
        } else {
            G_TakeDamage(target, damage);
        }
        return true;
    }

    /* Actors don't die again. */
    if (!G_IsLivingActor(target))
        return false;
    /* Now we know that the target is an actor */
    Actor* victim = makeActor(target);

    /* only actors after this point - and they must have a teamdef */
    assert(victim->chr.teamDef);
    const bool isRobot = CHRSH_IsTeamDefRobot(victim->chr.teamDef);

    /* Apply armour effects. */
    if (damage > 0) {
        damage = G_ApplyProtection(victim, fd->dmgweight, damage);
    } else if (damage < 0) {
        /* Robots can't be healed. */
        if (isRobot)
            return false;
    }
    Com_DPrintf(DEBUG_GAME, " Total damage: %d\n", damage);

    /* Apply difficulty settings. */
    if (G_IsSinglePlayer()) {
        if (G_IsAlien(attacker) && !G_IsAlien(victim))
            damage *= pow(1.18f, g_difficulty->value);
        else if (!G_IsAlien(attacker) && G_IsAlien(victim))
            damage *= pow(1.18f, -g_difficulty->value);
    }

    assert(attacker->getTeam() >= 0 && attacker->getTeam() < MAX_TEAMS);
    assert(victim->getTeam() >= 0 && victim->getTeam() < MAX_TEAMS);

    if ((g_nodamage != nullptr && !g_nodamage->integer) || mock) {
        /* hit */
        if (mock) {
            G_UpdateShotMock(mock, attacker, victim, damage);
        } else if (stunEl) {
            victim->addStun(damage);
        } else if (stunGas) {
            if (!isRobot) /* Can't stun robots with gas */
                victim->addStun(damage);
        } else if (shock) {
            /* Only do this if it's not one from our own team ... they should have known that there was a flashbang coming. */
            if (!isRobot && !victim->isSameTeamAs(attacker)) {
                /* dazed entity wont reaction fire */
                victim->removeReaction();
                G_ActorReserveTUs(victim, 0, victim->chr.reservedTus.shot, victim->chr.reservedTus.crouch);
                /* flashbangs kill TUs */
                G_ActorSetTU(victim, 0);
                G_SendStats(*victim);
                /* entity is dazed */
                victim->setDazed();
                G_EventSendState(G_VisToPM(victim->visflags), *victim);
                return !mock;
            } else {
                return false;
            }
        } else {
            if (damage < 0) {
                /* The 'attacker' is healing the victim. */
                G_TreatActor(victim, fd, damage, attacker->getTeam());
            } else {
                /* Real damage was dealt. */
                G_DamageActor(victim, damage, impact);
                /* Update overall splash damage for stats/score. */
                if (!mock && damage > 0 && fd->splrad) 
                    G_UpdateHitScore(attacker, victim, fd, damage);
            }
        }
    }

    if (mock)
        return false;

    G_CheckDeathOrKnockout(victim, attacker, fd, damage);
    return true;
}

void G_CheckDeathOrKnockout (Actor* target, Actor* attacker, const fireDef_t* fd, int damage)
{
    /* Sanity check */
    target->HP = std::min(std::max(target->HP, 0), target->chr.maxHP);
    /* Check death/knockout. */
    if (target->HP == 0 || target->HP <= target->getStun()) {
        G_SendStats(*target);

        if (G_ActorDieOrStun(target, attacker)) {
            G_PrintActorStats(target, attacker, fd);

            /* apply morale changes */
            if (mor_panic->integer)
                G_Morale(ML_DEATH, target, attacker, damage);

            /* Update number of killed/stunned actors for this attacker. */
            G_UpdateCharacterBodycount(attacker, fd, target);
        }
    } else {
        target->chr.minHP = std::min(target->chr.minHP, target->HP);
        if (damage > 0) {
            if (mor_panic->integer)
                G_Morale(ML_WOUND, target, attacker, damage);
        }
        G_SendStats(*target);
    }
}

static inline bool G_FireAffectedSurface (const cBspSurface_t* surface, const fireDef_t* fd)
{
    if (!surface)
        return false;

    if (!(surface->surfaceFlags & SURF_BURN))
        return false;

    if (fd->obj->dmgtype == gi.csi->damIncendiary || fd->obj->dmgtype == gi.csi->damFire || fd->obj->dmgtype == gi.csi->damBlast)
        return true;

    return false;
}

static void G_SplashDamage (Actor* ent, const fireDef_t* fd, vec3_t impact, shot_mock_t* mock, const trace_t* tr)
{
    assert(fd->splrad > 0.0f);

    const bool shock = (fd->obj->dmgtype == gi.csi->damShock);

    Edict* check = nullptr;
    while ((check = G_EdictsGetNextInUse(check))) {
        /* If we use a blinding weapon we skip the target if it's looking
         * away from the impact location. */
        if (shock && !G_FrustumVis(check, impact))
            continue;

        const bool isActor = G_IsLivingActor(check);
        vec3_t center;
        if (G_IsBrushModel(check) && G_IsBreakable(check))
            check->absBox.getCenter(center);
        else if (isActor || G_IsBreakable(check))
            VectorCopy(check->origin, center);
        else
            continue;

        /* check for distance */
        float dist = VectorDist(impact, center);
        dist = dist > UNIT_SIZE / 2 ? dist - UNIT_SIZE / 2 : 0.0f;
        if (dist > fd->splrad)
            continue;

        if (fd->irgoggles) {
            if (isActor) {
                /* check whether this actor (check) is in the field of view of the 'shooter' (ent) */
                if (G_FrustumVis(ent, check->origin)) {
                    if (!mock) {
                        vec3_t eyeEnt;
                        G_ActorGetEyeVector(ent, eyeEnt);
                        if (!G_SmokeVis(eyeEnt, check)) {
                            const unsigned int playerMask = G_TeamToPM(ent->getTeam()) ^ G_VisToPM(check->visflags);
                            G_AppearPerishEvent(playerMask, true, *check, ent);
                            G_VisFlagsAdd(*check, G_PMToVis(playerMask));
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            continue;
        }

        /* check for walls */
        if (isActor && G_TestLine(impact, check->origin))
            continue;

        /* do damage */
        const int damage = shock ? 0 : fd->spldmg[0] * (1.0f - dist / fd->splrad);

        if (mock)
            mock->allow_self = true;
        /* Send hurt sounds for actors, but only if they'll recieve damage from this attack */
        if (G_Damage(check, fd, damage, ent, mock, nullptr) && isActor
                && (G_ApplyProtection(check, fd->dmgweight,  damage) > 0) && !shock) {
            const teamDef_t* teamDef = check->chr.teamDef;
            const int gender = check->chr.gender;
            const char* sound = teamDef->getActorSound(gender, SND_HURT);
            G_EventSpawnSound(G_VisToPM(check->visflags), *check, nullptr, sound);
        }
        if (mock)
            mock->allow_self = false;
    }

    if (tr && G_FireAffectedSurface(tr->surface, fd)) {
        /* move a little away from the impact vector */
        VectorMA(impact, 1, tr->plane.normal, impact);
        G_SpawnParticle(impact, tr->contentFlags >> 8, "burning");
    }
}

static void G_SpawnItemOnFloor (const pos3_t pos, const Item* item)
{
    Edict* floor = G_GetFloorItemFromPos(pos);
    if (floor == nullptr) {
        floor = G_SpawnFloor(pos);

        if (!game.invi.tryAddToInventory(&floor->chr.inv, item, INVDEF(CID_FLOOR))) {
            G_FreeEdict(floor);
        } else {
            Actor* actor = G_EdictsGetLivingActorFromPos(pos);

            /* send the inventory */
            G_CheckVis(floor);

            if (actor != nullptr)
                G_GetFloorItems(actor);
        }
    } else {
        if (game.invi.tryAddToInventory(&floor->chr.inv, item, INVDEF(CID_FLOOR))) {
            /* make it invisible to send the inventory in the below vis check */
            G_EventPerish(*floor);
            G_VisFlagsReset(*floor);
            G_CheckVis(floor, true);
        }
    }
}

void G_CalcEffectiveSpread (const Actor* shooter, const fireDef_t* fd, vec2_t effSpread)
{
    /* Get accuracy value for this attacker. */
    const float acc = GET_ACC(shooter->chr.score.skills[ABILITY_ACCURACY],
            fd->weaponSkill ? shooter->chr.score.skills[fd->weaponSkill] : 0, G_ActorGetInjuryPenalty(shooter, MODIFIER_ACCURACY));

    /* Base spread multiplier comes from the firedef's spread values. Soldier skills further modify the spread.
     * A good soldier will tighten the spread, a bad one will widen it, for skillBalanceMinimum values between 0 and 1.*/
    const float commonfactor = std::max(0.0f, WEAPON_BALANCE + SKILL_BALANCE * acc);
    effSpread[PITCH] = fd->spread[0] * commonfactor;
    effSpread[YAW] = fd->spread[1] * commonfactor;

    /* If the attacker is crouched this modifier is included as well. */
    if (shooter->isCrouched() && fd->crouch > 0.0f) {
        effSpread[PITCH] *= fd->crouch;
        effSpread[YAW] *= fd->crouch;
    }
}

#define GRENADE_DT          0.1f
#define GRENADE_STOPSPEED   60.0f

static void G_ShootGrenade (const Player& player, Actor* shooter, const fireDef_t* fd,
    const vec3_t from, const pos3_t at, int mask, const Item* weapon, shot_mock_t* mock, int z_align, vec3_t impact)
{
    /* Check if the shooter is still alive (me may fire with area-damage ammo and have just hit the near ground). */
    if (shooter->isDead())
        return;

    /* get positional data */
    vec3_t last;
    VectorCopy(from, last);
    vec3_t target;
    gi.GridPosToVec(shooter->fieldSize, at, target);
    /* first apply z_align value */
    target[2] -= z_align;

    /* prefer to aim grenades at the ground */
    target[2] -= GROUND_DELTA;

    /* calculate parabola */
    vec3_t startV;
    float dt = gi.GrenadeTarget(last, target, fd->range, fd->launched, fd->rolled, startV);
    if (!dt) {
        if (!mock)
            G_ClientPrintf(player, PRINT_HUD, _("Can't perform action - impossible throw!"));
        return;
    }

    /* cap start speed */
    const float speed = std::min(VectorLength(startV), fd->range);

    /* add random effects and get new dir */
    vec3_t angles;
    VecToAngles(startV, angles);

    /* Get 2 gaussian distributed random values */
    float gauss1;
    float gauss2;
    gaussrand(&gauss1, &gauss2);

    vec2_t effSpread;
    G_CalcEffectiveSpread(shooter, fd, effSpread);

    angles[PITCH] += gauss1 * effSpread[0];
    angles[YAW] += gauss2 * effSpread[1];

    AngleVectors(angles, startV, nullptr, nullptr);
    VectorScale(startV, speed, startV);

    /* move */
    vec3_t oldPos;
    VectorCopy(last, oldPos);
    vec3_t curV;
    VectorCopy(startV, curV);
    float time = 0.0f;
    dt = 0.0f;
    int bounce = 0;
    byte flags = SF_BOUNCING;
    vec3_t newPos;

    VectorMA(oldPos, GRENADE_DT, curV, newPos);
    newPos[2] -= 0.5f * GRAVITY * GRENADE_DT * GRENADE_DT;
    trace_t tr = G_Trace(Line(oldPos, newPos), shooter, MASK_SHOT);
    if (tr.fraction < 1.0f) {
        const Edict* trEnt = G_EdictsGetByNum(tr.entNum);
        if (trEnt && (trEnt->isSameTeamAs(shooter) || G_IsCivilian(trEnt)) && G_IsCrouched(trEnt)) {
            dt += GRENADE_DT;
            VectorCopy(newPos, oldPos);
            VectorCopy(newPos, impact);
        }
    }

    for (;;) {
        /* kinematics */
        VectorMA(oldPos, GRENADE_DT, curV, newPos);
        newPos[2] -= 0.5f * GRAVITY * GRENADE_DT * GRENADE_DT;
        curV[2] -= GRAVITY * GRENADE_DT;

        /* trace */
        tr = G_Trace(Line(oldPos, newPos), shooter, MASK_SHOT);
        if (tr.fraction < 1.0f || time + dt > 4.0f) {
            /* the ent possibly hit by the trace */
            const Edict* trEnt = G_EdictsGetByNum(tr.entNum);
            const float bounceFraction = tr.surface ? gi.GetBounceFraction(tr.surface->name) : 1.0f;

            /* advance time */
            dt += tr.fraction * GRENADE_DT;
            time += dt;
            bounce++;

            if (tr.fraction < 1.0f)
                VectorCopy(tr.endpos, newPos);

            /* calculate additional visibility */
            if (!mock) {
                for (int i = 0; i < MAX_TEAMS; i++)
                    if (player.getTeam() != level.activeTeam && G_TeamPointVis(i, newPos))
                        mask |= 1 << i;
            }

            /* enough bouncing around or we have hit an actor */
            if (VectorLength(curV) < GRENADE_STOPSPEED || time > 4.0f || bounce > fd->bounce
             || (!fd->delay && trEnt && G_IsActor(trEnt))) {
                if (!mock) {
                    /* explode */
                    byte impactFlags = flags;
                    if (trEnt && G_IsActor(trEnt))
                        impactFlags |= SF_BODY;
                    else
                        impactFlags |= SF_IMPACT;
                    G_EventThrow(mask, fd, dt, impactFlags, last, startV);
                }

                /* Grenade flew out of map! */
                if (tr.fraction > 1.0f)
                    return;

                tr.endpos[2] += 10.0f;
                VectorCopy(tr.endpos, impact);

                /* check if this is a stone, ammo clip or grenade */
                if (fd->splrad > 0.0f) {
                    G_SplashDamage(shooter, fd, impact, mock, &tr);
                } else if (!mock) {
                    /* spawn the stone on the floor */
                    if (fd->ammo && !fd->splrad && weapon->def()->thrown) {
                        pos3_t drop;
                        VecToPos(impact, drop);
                        G_SpawnItemOnFloor(drop, weapon);
                    }
                }
                return;
            }

            /* send */
            if (!mock) {
                G_EventThrow(mask, fd, dt, flags, last, startV);
                /* send shot sound to the others */
                G_EventShootHidden(mask, fd, false, impact, flags, nullptr);
            }

            flags |= SF_BOUNCED;

            /* bounce */
            VectorScale(curV, fd->bounceFac * bounceFraction, curV);
            vec3_t temp;
            VectorScale(tr.plane.normal, -DotProduct(tr.plane.normal, curV), temp);
            VectorAdd(temp, curV, startV);
            VectorAdd(temp, startV, curV);

            /* prepare next move */
            VectorCopy(tr.endpos, last);
            VectorCopy(tr.endpos, oldPos);
            VectorCopy(curV, startV);
            dt = 0.0f;
        } else {
            dt += GRENADE_DT;
            VectorCopy(newPos, oldPos);
            VectorCopy(newPos, impact);
        }
    }
}

#ifdef DEBUG

static void DumpTrace (vec3_t start, const trace_t& tr)
{
    Com_DPrintf(DEBUG_GAME, "start (%i, %i, %i) end (%i, %i, %i)\n",
        (int)start[0], (int)start[1], (int)start[2],
        (int)tr.endpos[0], (int)tr.endpos[1], (int)tr.endpos[2]);
    Com_DPrintf(DEBUG_GAME, "allsolid:%s startsolid:%s fraction:%f contentFlags:%X\n",
        tr.allsolid ? "true" : "false",
        tr.startsolid ? "true" : "false",
        tr.fraction, tr.contentFlags);
    Edict* trEnt = G_EdictsGetByNum(tr.entNum); /* the ent possibly hit by the trace */
    Com_DPrintf(DEBUG_GAME, "is entity:%s %s %i\n",
        trEnt ? "yes" : "no",
        trEnt ? trEnt->classname : "",
        trEnt ? trEnt->HP : 0);
}

static void DumpAllEntities (void)
{
    int i = 0;
    Edict* check = nullptr;

    while ((check = G_EdictsGetNext(check))) {
        char absBoxStr[AABB_STRING];
        char entBoxStr[AABB_STRING];
        check->absBox.asIntString(absBoxStr, sizeof(absBoxStr));
        check->absBox.asIntString(entBoxStr, sizeof(entBoxStr));
        Com_DPrintf(DEBUG_GAME, "%i %s %s %s %s %s\n", i,
            check->inuse ? "in use" : "unused",
            check->classname,
            check->model,
            absBoxStr,
            entBoxStr);
        i++;
    }
}
#endif

static void G_ShootSingle (Actor* ent, const fireDef_t* fd, const vec3_t from, const pos3_t at,
    int mask, const Item* weapon, shot_mock_t* mock, int z_align, int i, shoot_types_t shootType, vec3_t impact)
{
    /* Check if the shooter is still alive (me may fire with area-damage ammo and have just hit the near ground). */
    if (ent->isDead()) {
        Com_DPrintf(DEBUG_GAME, "G_ShootSingle: Shooter is dead, shot not possible.\n");
        return;
    }
    /* Calc direction of the shot. */
    gi.GridPosToVec(ent->fieldSize, at, impact);    /* Get the position of the targeted grid-cell. ('impact' is used only temporary here)*/
    const bool pointTrace = VectorCompare(impact, from);
    if (!pointTrace)
        impact[2] -= z_align;
    vec3_t cur_loc;
    VectorCopy(from, cur_loc);      /* Set current location of the projectile to the starting (muzzle) location. */
    vec3_t dir;
    VectorSubtract(impact, cur_loc, dir);   /* Calculate the vector from current location to the target. */

    if (!pointTrace) {
        VectorNormalizeFast(dir);           /* Normalize the vector i.e. make length 1.0 */

        vec3_t angles;
        VecToAngles(dir, angles);       /* Get the angles of the direction vector. */

        /* Get 2 gaussian distributed random values */
        float gauss1;
        float gauss2;
        gaussrand(&gauss1, &gauss2);

        vec2_t effSpread;
        G_CalcEffectiveSpread(ent, fd, effSpread);

        /* Modify the angles with the accuracy modifier as a randomizer-range. */
        angles[PITCH] += gauss1 * effSpread[0];
        angles[YAW] += gauss2 * effSpread[1];

        /* Convert changed angles into new direction. */
        AngleVectors(angles, dir, nullptr, nullptr);
    }

    /* shoot and bounce */
    int throughWall = fd->throughWall;
    float range = fd->range;
    int bounce = 0;
    byte flags = 0;

    int damage;
    /* Are we healing? */
    if (FIRESH_IsMedikit(fd))
        damage = fd->damage[0] + (fd->damage[1] * crand());
    else
        damage = std::max(0.0f, fd->damage[0] + (fd->damage[1] * crand()));

    /* Check if we are shooting over an adjacent crouching friendly unit */
    VectorMA(cur_loc, UNIT_SIZE * 1.4f, dir, impact);
    const Edict* passEnt = ent;
    trace_t tr = G_Trace(Line(cur_loc, impact), passEnt, MASK_SHOT);
    Edict* trEnt = G_EdictsGetByNum(tr.entNum); /* the ent possibly hit by the trace */
    if (trEnt && (trEnt->isSameTeamAs(ent) || G_IsCivilian(trEnt)) && G_IsCrouched(trEnt) && !FIRESH_IsMedikit(fd)) {
        VectorMA(cur_loc, UNIT_SIZE * 1.4f, dir, cur_loc);
        passEnt = trEnt;
    }

    vec3_t tracefrom;   /* sum */
    VectorCopy(cur_loc, tracefrom);

    vec3_t temp;
    for (;;) {
        /* Calc 'impact' vector that is located at the end of the range
         * defined by the fireDef_t. This is not really the impact location,
         * but rather the 'endofrange' location, see below for another use.*/
        VectorMA(cur_loc, range, dir, impact);

        /* Do the trace from current position of the projectile
         * to the end_of_range location.*/
        tr = G_Trace(Line(tracefrom, impact), passEnt, MASK_SHOT);
        trEnt = G_EdictsGetByNum(tr.entNum);    /* the ent possibly hit by the trace */

#ifdef DEBUG
        DumpAllEntities();
        DumpTrace(tracefrom, tr);
#endif

        /* maybe we start the trace from within a brush (e.g. in case of throughWall) */
        if (tr.startsolid)
            break;

        /* _Now_ we copy the correct impact location. */
        VectorCopy(tr.endpos, impact);

        /* set flags when trace hit something */
        if (tr.fraction < 1.0f) {
            if (trEnt && G_IsActor(trEnt)
                /* check if we differentiate between body and wall */
                && !fd->delay)
                flags |= SF_BODY;
            else if (bounce < fd->bounce)
                flags |= SF_BOUNCING;
            else
                flags |= SF_IMPACT;
        }

        /* victims see shots */
        if (trEnt && G_IsActor(trEnt))
            mask |= G_TeamToVisMask(trEnt->getTeam());

        if (!mock) {
            /* send shot */
            const bool firstShot = (i == 0);
            G_EventShoot(*ent, mask, fd, firstShot, shootType, flags, &tr, tracefrom, impact);

            /* send shot sound to the others */
            G_EventShootHidden(mask, fd, false, impact, flags, G_EdictsGetByNum(tr.entNum));

            if (firstShot && G_FireAffectedSurface(tr.surface, fd)) {
                vec3_t origin;
                /* sent particle to all players */
                VectorMA(impact, 1, tr.plane.normal, origin);
                G_SpawnParticle(origin, tr.contentFlags >> 8, "fire");
            }
        }

        if (tr.fraction < 1.0f && !fd->bounce) {
            /* check for shooting through wall */
            if (throughWall && (tr.contentFlags & CONTENTS_SOLID)) {
                throughWall--;
                Com_DPrintf(DEBUG_GAME, "Shot through wall, %i walls left.\n", throughWall);
                /* reduce damage */
                damage /= sqrt(fd->throughWall - throughWall + 1.0f);
                VectorMA(tr.endpos, MAX_WALL_THICKNESS_FOR_SHOOTING_THROUGH, dir, tracefrom);
                continue;
            }

            /* do splash damage */
            if (fd->splrad > 0.0f) {
                VectorMA(impact, sv_shot_origin->value, tr.plane.normal, impact);
                G_SplashDamage(ent, fd, impact, mock, &tr);
            }
        }

        const bool hitEnt = trEnt && (G_IsActor(trEnt) || (G_IsBreakable(trEnt) && damage > 0));
        /* bounce is checked here to see if the rubber rocket hit walls enough times to wear out*/
        bounce++;
        /* stop, we hit something or have bounced enough */
        if (hitEnt || bounce > fd->bounce || tr.fraction >= 1.0f) {
            if (!mock) {
                /* spawn the throwable item on the floor but only if it is not depletable */
                if (fd->ammo && !fd->splrad && weapon->def()->thrown && !weapon->def()->deplete) {
                    pos3_t drop;

                    if (ent->isSamePosAs(at)) { /* throw under his own feet */
                        VectorCopy(at, drop);
                    } else {
                        impact[2] -= 20.0f; /* a hack: no-gravity items are flying high */
                        VecToPos(impact, drop);
                    }

                    G_SpawnItemOnFloor(drop, weapon);
                }
            }

            /* do damage if the trace hit an entity */
            if (hitEnt) {
                VectorCopy(tr.endpos, impact);
                G_Damage(trEnt, fd, damage, ent, mock, impact);

                if (!mock) { /* check for firedHit is done in G_UpdateHitScore */
                    /* Count this as a hit of this firemode. */
                    G_UpdateHitScore(ent, trEnt, fd, 0);
                }
            }

            /* do splash damage if we haven't yet */
            if (tr.fraction >= 1.0f && fd->splrad > 0.0f) {
                VectorMA(impact, sv_shot_origin->value, tr.plane.normal, impact);
                G_SplashDamage(ent, fd, impact, mock, &tr);
            }
            break;
        }

        range -= tr.fraction * range;
        VectorCopy(impact, cur_loc);
        VectorScale(tr.plane.normal, -DotProduct(tr.plane.normal, dir), temp);
        VectorAdd(temp, dir, dir);
        VectorAdd(temp, dir, dir);
        flags |= SF_BOUNCED;
    }
}

static bool G_PrepareShot (Edict* ent, shoot_types_t shootType, fireDefIndex_t firemode, Item** weapon, containerIndex_t* container, const fireDef_t** fd)
{
    if (shootType >= ST_NUM_SHOOT_TYPES)
        gi.Error("G_GetShotFromType: unknown shoot type %i.\n", shootType);

    Item* item;
    if (IS_SHOT_HEADGEAR(shootType)) {
        item = ent->chr.inv.getHeadgear();
        if (!item)
            return false;
        *container = CID_HEADGEAR;
    } else if (IS_SHOT_RIGHT(shootType)) {
        item = ent->getRightHandItem();
        if (!item)
            return false;
        *container = CID_RIGHT;
    } else {
        item = ent->getLeftHandItem();
        if (!item)
            return false;
        *container = CID_LEFT;
    }

    /* Get firedef from the weapon entry instead */
    const fireDef_t* fdArray = item->getFiredefs();
    if (fdArray == nullptr)
        return false;

    *weapon = item;

    assert(firemode >= 0);
    *fd = &fdArray[firemode];

    return true;
}

bool G_ClientShoot (const Player& player, Actor* actor, const pos3_t at, shoot_types_t shootType,
        fireDefIndex_t firemode, shot_mock_t* mock, bool allowReaction, int z_align)
{
    /* just in 'test-whether-it's-possible'-mode or the player is an
     * ai - no readable feedback needed */
    const bool quiet = (mock != nullptr) || G_IsAIPlayer(&player);

    Item* weapon = nullptr;
    const fireDef_t* fd = nullptr;
    containerIndex_t container = 0;
    if (!G_PrepareShot(actor, shootType, firemode, &weapon, &container, &fd)) {
        if (!weapon && !quiet)
            G_ClientPrintf(player, PRINT_HUD, _("Can't perform action - object not activatable!"));
        return false;
    }


    /* check if action is possible
     * if allowReaction is false, it is a shot from reaction fire, so don't check the active team */
    const int tusNeeded = G_ActorGetModifiedTimeForFiredef(actor, fd, false);
    if (allowReaction) {
        if (!G_ActionCheckForCurrentTeam(player, actor, tusNeeded))
            return false;
    } else {
        if (!G_ActionCheckForReaction(player, actor, tusNeeded))
            return false;
    }

    /* Don't allow to shoot yourself */
    if (!fd->irgoggles && actor->isSamePosAs(at))
        return false;
    const Actor* targetEnt = nullptr;
    if (FIRESH_IsMedikit(fd)) {
        targetEnt = G_EdictsGetLivingActorFromPos(at);
        if (!targetEnt)
            return false;
        else if (fd->dmgweight == gi.csi->damNormal && !G_IsActorWounded(targetEnt)) {
            if (!quiet)
                G_ClientPrintf(player, PRINT_HUD, _("Can't perform action - target is not wounded!"));
            return false;
        }
    }

    /* check that we're not firing a twohanded weapon with one hand! */
    if (weapon->def()->fireTwoHanded && actor->getLeftHandItem()) {
        if (!quiet)
            G_ClientPrintf(player, PRINT_HUD, _("Can't perform action - weapon cannot be fired one handed!"));
        return false;
    }

    /* check we're not out of ammo */
    int ammo = weapon->getAmmoLeft();
    if (!ammo && fd->ammo && !weapon->def()->thrown) {
        if (!quiet)
            G_ClientPrintf(player, PRINT_HUD, _("Can't perform action - no ammo!"));
        return false;
    }

    /* check target is not out of range */
    vec3_t target;
    gi.GridPosToVec(actor->fieldSize, at, target);
    if (fd->range < VectorDist(actor->origin, target)) {
        if (!quiet)
            G_ClientPrintf(player, PRINT_HUD, _("Can't perform action - target out of range!"));
        return false;
    }

    /* Count for stats if it's no mock-shot and it's a Phalanx soldier (aliens do not have this info yet). */
    if (!mock && actor->chr.scoreMission) {
        /* Count this start of the shooting for stats/score. */
        if (fd->splrad > 0.0) {
            /* Splash damage */
            actor->chr.scoreMission->firedSplashTUs[fd->weaponSkill] += tusNeeded;
            actor->chr.scoreMission->firedSplash[fd->weaponSkill]++;
            for (int i = 0; i < KILLED_NUM_TYPES; i++) {
                actor->chr.scoreMission->firedSplashHit[i] = false;
            }
        } else {
            /* Direct hits */
            actor->chr.scoreMission->firedTUs[fd->weaponSkill] += tusNeeded;
            actor->chr.scoreMission->fired[fd->weaponSkill]++;
            for (int i = 0; i < KILLED_NUM_TYPES; i++) {
                actor->chr.scoreMission->firedHit[i] = false;
            }
        }
    }

    /* fire shots */
    int shots = fd->shots;
    if (fd->ammo && !weapon->def()->thrown) {
        if (ammo < fd->ammo) {
            shots = fd->shots * ammo / fd->ammo;
            ammo = 0;
        } else {
            ammo -= fd->ammo;
        }
        if (shots < 1) {
            if (!quiet)
                G_ClientPrintf(player, PRINT_HUD, _("Can't perform action - not enough ammo!"));
            return false;
        }
    }

    /* rotate the player */
    const int prevDir = mock ? actor->dir : 0;
    vec3_t dir;

    if (!actor->isSamePosAs(at)) {
        VectorSubtract(at, actor->pos, dir);
        actor->dir = AngleToDir((int) (atan2(dir[1], dir[0]) * todeg));
        assert(actor->dir < CORE_DIRECTIONS);

        if (!mock) {
            G_CheckVisTeamAll(actor->getTeam(), 0, actor);
            G_EventActorTurn(*actor);
        }
    }

    /* calculate visibility */
    target[2] -= z_align;
    VectorSubtract(target, actor->origin, dir);
    vec3_t center;
    VectorMA(actor->origin, 0.5, dir, center);
    int mask = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_TEAMS; i++)
        if (G_IsVisibleForTeam(actor, i) || G_TeamPointVis(i, target) || G_TeamPointVis(i, center))
            mask |= G_TeamToVisMask(i);

    if (!mock) {
        /* check whether this has forced any reaction fire */
        if (allowReaction) {
            G_ReactionFirePreShot(actor, tusNeeded);  /* if commented out,  this disables the 'draw' situation */
            if (actor->isDead())
                /* dead men can't shoot */
                return false;
        }
        /* Check we aren't trying to heal a dead actor */
        if (targetEnt != nullptr && (targetEnt->isDead() && !targetEnt->isStunned()))
            return false;

        /* start shoot */
        G_EventStartShoot(*actor, mask, shootType, at);

        /* send shot sound to the others */
        G_EventShootHidden(mask, fd, true, actor->origin, 0, nullptr);

        /* State info so we can check if an item was already removed. */
        bool itemAlreadyRemoved = false;
        /* ammo... */
        if (fd->ammo) {
            if (ammo > 0 || !weapon->def()->thrown) {
                G_EventInventoryAmmo(*actor, weapon->ammoDef(), ammo, shootType);
                weapon->setAmmoLeft(ammo);
            } else { /* delete the knife or the rifle without ammo */
                const invDef_t* invDef = INVDEF(container);
                assert(invDef->single);
                itemAlreadyRemoved = true;  /* for assert only */
                game.invi.emptyContainer(&actor->chr.inv, invDef->id);
                G_ReactionFireSettingsUpdate(actor, actor->chr.RFmode.getFmIdx(), actor->chr.RFmode.getHand(),
                        actor->chr.RFmode.getWeapon());
                G_EventInventoryDelete(*actor, G_VisToPM(actor->visflags), invDef->id, 0, 0);
            }
        }

        /* remove throwable oneshot && deplete weapon from inventory */
        if (weapon->def()->thrown && weapon->def()->oneshot && weapon->def()->deplete) {
            if (itemAlreadyRemoved)
                gi.Error("Item %s is already removed", weapon->def()->id);
            const invDef_t* invDef = INVDEF(container);
            assert(invDef->single);
            game.invi.emptyContainer(&actor->chr.inv, invDef->id);
            G_ReactionFireSettingsUpdate(actor, actor->chr.RFmode.getFmIdx(), actor->chr.RFmode.getHand(),
                    actor->chr.RFmode.getWeapon());
            G_EventInventoryDelete(*actor, G_VisToPM(actor->visflags), invDef->id, 0, 0);
        }
    }

    vec3_t shotOrigin;
    fd->getShotOrigin(actor->origin, dir, actor->isCrouched(), shotOrigin);

    /* Fire all shots. */
    vec3_t impact;
    for (int i = 0; i < shots; ++i) {
        if (fd->gravity) {
            G_ShootGrenade(player, actor, fd, shotOrigin, at, mask, weapon, mock, z_align, impact);
        } else {
            G_ShootSingle(actor, fd, shotOrigin, at, mask, weapon, mock, z_align, i, shootType, impact);
        }
        if (!mock && mor_panic->integer)
            G_ShotMorale(actor, fd, shotOrigin, weapon, impact);
    }

    if (!mock) {
        const bool smoke = fd->obj->dmgtype == gi.csi->damSmoke;
        const bool incendiary = fd->obj->dmgtype == gi.csi->damIncendiary;
        const bool stunGas = fd->obj->dmgtype == gi.csi->damStunGas;
        /* Ignore off-map impacts when spawning fire, smoke, etc fields */
        if (gi.isOnMap(impact)) {
            if (smoke) {
                const int damage = std::max(0.0f, fd->damage[0] + fd->damage[1] * crand());
                const int rounds = std::max(2, fd->rounds);
                G_SpawnSmokeField(impact, "smokefield", rounds, damage, fd->splrad);
            } else if (incendiary) {
                const int damage = std::max(0.0f, fd->damage[0] + fd->damage[1] * crand());
                const int rounds = std::max(2, fd->rounds);
                G_SpawnFireField(impact, "firefield", rounds, damage, fd->splrad);
            } else if (stunGas) {
                const int damage = std::max(0.0f, fd->damage[0] + fd->damage[1] * crand());
                const int rounds = std::max(2, fd->rounds);
                G_SpawnStunSmokeField(impact, "gasfield", rounds, damage, fd->splrad);
            }
        }

        /* check whether this caused a touch event for close actors */
        if (smoke || incendiary || stunGas) {
            const entity_type_t type = smoke ? ET_SMOKE : incendiary ? ET_FIRE : ET_SMOKESTUN;
            Edict* closeActor = nullptr;
            while ((closeActor = G_FindRadius(closeActor, impact, fd->splrad, ET_ACTOR))) {
                G_TouchTriggers(closeActor, type);
            }
        }

        /* send TUs if actor still alive */
        if (actor->inuse && !actor->isDead()) {
            G_ActorSetTU(actor, actor->getTus() - tusNeeded);
            G_SendStats(*actor);
        }

        G_EventEndShoot(*actor, mask);

        /* end events */
        G_EventEnd();

        /* check for win/draw conditions */
        G_MatchEndCheck();

        /* check for Reaction fire against the shooter */
        if (allowReaction)
            G_ReactionFirePostShot(actor);
    } else {
        actor->dir = prevDir;
        assert(actor->dir < CORE_DIRECTIONS);
    }
    return true;
}