Gopher it is still a circuit, or more exactly two half circuits.
To create those objects of opposide charge you need to excercise some force to move the electrons from one to the other, the first half of the circuit. then the electrons try to travel back, the second half of the circuit.
Ground is not per se positively charged and static doesn't produce electrons, it moves them from the ground to the clouds.
I believe it extremely difficult to charge an alien or the area around him without direct contact. The electrolaser would probably work, but that is more of a taser gun with plasma cables then a real lightning gun.
and yeah the laser would focus the current.