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Feedback and impressions after 1 campaign

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Jon_dArc:

--- Quote from: H-Hour on February 04, 2012, 09:27:05 pm ---Yes, more TU will help all weapon skills. But my argument was that it will be MORE valuable for a close specialist, who stands to gain much more from an extra 10 TUs than other skills.
--- End quote ---
I don't actually agree—in my experience, snipers and heavy weapons gain the most from more TUs, as it allows them to do more before they make their attacks. Snipers in particular have "magic numbers" at 33 and 39 TUs where they can, respectively, crouch (or move one tile crouched) and still fire twice in a turn (or, in the latter case, three if they're using a basic sniper rifle and Snap Shots), and the value of a machine gunner can substantially be measured in how many tiles they can move before they hit 28 TU and need to crouch and fire.

~J

pack.wolf:
Hello,

Beware, this is a long one...

This is a very interessting topic. And since it appears to be of interest to the developers too, I'll try to contribute.
I also feel the campaign could greatly benefit from more dynamic elements. I think a combination of a steady, unstopable increase of the threat level over time and changes in alien tactics in response to player action might be the best way to go.

## Alien intentions and capabilities ##
First, we'll need to make a few assertions about the aliens, to be able to assess their capabilities and motivations:
- They come from a place a long way away, so resupplying is difficult. Specialty gear is hard to come by, so allround equipment needs to perform tasks for which it is not designed for practical reasons. Everything is limited in numbers, any loss of equipment, life or a vessel is a hard blow to them, not so much because of replacement cost but replacement time.
- Their goal is to take Earth with as little losses as possible, preserving as much of their and our resources as possible.
- Sun Zu tells us you have to know your enemy if you want to have a shot at victory. Since they know very little about us, their primary goal at the start of any campaign is to gain knowledge about us.
- Whenever they aquirre new intel about us, they reassess their options and plan their next moves.
- Over time their supply routes grow in capability, allowing them to field more and better equipment.
- They are intelligent, so their reaction to resistance is not merely 'throw more or tougher stuff at it', but includes changes in tactics and strategy.

## How do they win, what do they want ##
Second, we'll need to do the same for 'conquer-scenarios':
- If they erradicate all noteable resistance to them by destroying our means of defence, they have achieved their goal.
- If they break our will to fight, they have achieved their goal.
- If they infiltrate countries and win them over to their side, they have achieved their goal.
Basically those are the win-scenarios of many strategy games: military victory, domination victory (let's call it terror victory in honor of XCOM :D ), cultural/diplomatic victory.

## Difficulty scaling mechanism ##
Now that we have established that, let's look at a mechanism for scaling campaign difficulty:

What I propose is for the aliens to get a certain number of points at the start of each month. These represent their available NEW supplies for this month (transport capacity from their homeworld). The number grows over time and starts higher and grows faster at higher difficulty levels. They do not carry over to the following month. Each mission they decide to perform requires resources. Scout missions require scout ships, terror missions terror ships and so on. Of course battleships are much more expensive than scouts. I'm sure you get my drift. Vessels and troops need supplies, so they can't just blow all their monthly points on new stuff, they first have to pay for repair, maintenance and resupply of vessels that survived the last month. So after getting their nose bloodied particularly bad in one month the threat stays nearly the same, while if they finish a month unscathed their capabilities are increased. This should be at least partially self-balancing, since even after a month where all their vessels survive, the new ones they bring in will also have to bring supplies for themselfes AND for the surviving ones. And the next month supply costs for BOTH fleets will be deducted before new vessles can be 'ordered'. This should be fairly easy to balance by using a certain percentage of a vessles cost as their upkeep cost and adjusting this percentage with the difficulty. See [1] for an example of this. Also they would have to use each vessel at least once per month, so they can not just build up their arsenal without the player being able to do anything about it. After all, this is also in their interesst: if they don't use them they just sit there eating preacious supplies without any gain.

## Dynamic campaign elements ##
No let's add some dynamic elements to the campaign:

Now how will they decide what kind of missions they will start with their limited contingent? The basic answer to this is quite simple, they are going to compare the anticipated reward and risk.
With every mission they undertake they are trying to get closer to their goal: dominating Earth, it's resources and it's population. They can do so by either going after their objective directly or by performing missions that increase the success rate and cut back on losses of the 'objective'-missions.

Before they can decide which kind of mission they want to start, they'll need information about what kind of resistance to expect. So in a first stage of the game they'll send scouts to survey our military bases, our population centers and industrial capabilities. As they can't know how and with what kind of power we will respond they have two options at this stage: send the biggest, meanest thing they got to break anything that dares block their way (not likely, since supply routes still have to be established, making this impractical. Also, in case of a lucky hit, mechanical failure or simply the pilot screwing up they would loose a major asset and provide us with excellent intel and technology), or they could try to be stealthy and evasive (highly likely).

# Therefore in stage 1 (let's call it recon) they should run 2 kinds of missions with stealthy, small and fast ships (= small scouts):
- land in remote areas, stay as short as possible, retreat; this way they assess our social structure and gain knowledge on indigineous flora and fauna, population distribution, social order, ...
- do runs only to draw out interceptors without intention to land, retreat asap as contact is made to assess our air-to-air capabilities

# Depending on the results of stage 1 they decide on how to proceed in stage 2, combat recon:
- If they suffered only a few or no losses they have gathered enough intel and can go directly to stage 3: infiltration
- If most of their UFOs where shot down they will regognize that they will have to send tougher ships. Now if they also shot down a lot of our craft they will know we are vulnerable and will deploy lots of ships that are a bit tougher (= medium scouts). This way they can gather a lot of intel (bc of high number of ships) and still avoid losses. On the other hand if they have hardly shot down interceptors they will send fewer, tougher ships (= heavy scouts) to avoid losses, even if it means they will need more time to gather intel.
- Independent of that, if they suffered heavy losses on the ground they will send fewer ships with more numerous and/or tougher crews. Again if they decide to go for 'more' or 'tougher' will depend on the losses they have inflicted on us.
Should they again suffer heavy losses they will recognize that they will HAVE to go with a more brute-force approach and initiate stage 4 (assault), skipping stage 3 (infiltration).

# Stage 3 (infiltration):
Infiltrating your enemy, weakening him from within, dividing alliances and strong armies and conquering the pieces one by one are key concepts in warfare. So after successfully establishing our capabilities they will try to do that to us: Lure governments to their side with promises of technology, surpremacy over others, ..., pitting one against the other to gain a foothold and weaken our defences. Depending on the results of stage 1 and 2 they will use any type of scout and crew they deem appropriate and land on Earth to perform longer missions: covertly set up bases, infiltrate human society and governments. This means again they will try to avoid confrontation and try beinig stealthy (hence the scouts). Once they are content with the level of discord sown and the footholds established or once they start suffering significant enough losses they will go on to stage 4 (assault).

# Stage 4 (assault):
Now we're cooking! Basically during this stage they will try to destroy our defenses (attack our bases, try to gain air dominance by actively hunting our crafts) and subdue the governments they couldn't infiltrate in stage 3 (terror missions). Of course they'll also need to keep their bases supplied during this time (supply missions). Btw, alien bases established on Earth should provide extra resource points for the aliens and weaken nearby countries resolve. This stage can only end one of two ways: it's them or us.

####################
And voila, dynamic campaign with good difficulty pacing!


So now what are your thoughts on all my ramblings there? :D
Hope this will be of use to you and help you generate some good ideas!
Cheers,
Alex


PS: In my opinion a less linear tech tree with more sidegrading instead of upgrading and more varied paths to different-but-equal results as propsed by Bashar would be a great addition too. He's already gone into a lot of detail there, so I won't start repeating it here :D, but I really like the idea of having to choose to use captured equipment and vessels either for improving Earth based technology, providing a long term benefit, or salvaging it for human use, providing a short time boost.

PPS: Some of this may also be applyable to the Battlescope (assign a certain number of points to each kind of vessel (maybe depending on mission type), each alien and each peace of equipment uses a certain amount).

PPPS ^ ^: English is not my first language, please ignore any blunders ;)

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[1]: Supply cost example (values are completely arbitrary and not chosen for balancing but ease of calculation):
Let's say the aliens start at 18 pts per month and increase that amount by 3 pt per month. A scout vessel costs 6 points, a small scout 4, supply percentage is 50%. So in month 1 they can bring in 2 scouts plus their supplies, using all their points. The next month they get 21 pts.

If both the scouts survived then 6 will be deducted for resupply. At this point let me just quickly point out that a damaged ship's maintenance should be more expensive than the standard percentage, but never exceed 100% (they would just scrap the ship at that point). That leaves them with 15 pts for new stuff. For that they can bring in another scout and a small scout (and their supplies). So at the start of the 2nd month they have 3 scouts. If again everyone survives they will have to spend 11 of their points on supplies, leaving 13 of the 24 for new stuff -> less than the month before, the growth is self limiting.

If only one scout survived only 3 pt are deducted for supplies, so they can spend 18 on 2 new scouts, leaving them with 3, they miss out on the small scout.

If all vessels are destroyed they will only be able to get another 2 scouts for their 21 pts in month 2, but even if all vessels are destroyed again they will be able to afford 2 scouts and 1 small scout in month 3 for their 24 pts -> even if the player performs flawlessly the threat level steadily rises.

Now try changing the supply percentage to higher/lower levels and you'll see how easily you can adjust difficulty that way, without having to worry about the other variables (costs of the ships). Game designers dream: Tune one variable for balancing without breaking anything else! Ship costs can still be assined completely independent of this as a function of hitpoints, speed, range, whathaveyou, as they are now.

Jon_dArc:

--- Quote from: pack.wolf on February 20, 2012, 07:41:59 pm ---## Alien intentions and capabilities ##
First, we'll need to make a few assertions about the aliens, to be able to assess their capabilities and motivations:
--- End quote ---
I'm compelled to pick some nits ;)


--- Quote ---- They come from a place a long way away, so resupplying is difficult.
--- End quote ---
Access to an FTL drive means all bets are off here.


--- Quote ---- Their goal is to take Earth with as little losses as possible, preserving as much of their and our resources as possible.
--- End quote ---
This is much less of a useful statement than you might think—what are "resources" to the aliens? Depending on how exactly they make their antimatter, it's possible that the only resources available from Earth are humans, and with a sufficient stockpile you can use the ones you have to make more.


--- Quote ---- Sun Zu tells us you have to know your enemy if you want to have a shot at victory. Since they know very little about us, their primary goal at the start of any campaign is to gain knowledge about us.
- Whenever they aquirre new intel about us, they reassess their options and plan their next moves.
--- End quote ---
I doubt they're going to be up on ancient Earth strategists. Given the sheer energy advantage they have, it's not totally unreasonable to start out not caring much about strategic knowledge of us. There's also the fact that, again due to sheer energy advantage, we need to assume that their strategy is going to be fundamentally dumb in at least one way for the story to be something other than "survive for as many days as you can before being obliterated".


--- Quote ---- Over time their supply routes grow in capability, allowing them to field more and better equipment.
--- End quote ---
Again, due to the FTL drive it's not clear why this should be the case.


--- Quote ---- They are intelligent, so their reaction to resistance is not merely 'throw more or tougher stuff at it', but includes changes in tactics and strategy.
--- End quote ---
They're certainly intelligent in the sense of "effectively steer universe towards futures that include achievement of their goals", but it's really hard to see how we end up with a game if we assume that the aliens are effective adversarial planners.

~J

pack.wolf:
You raise some very good points there. I still think many of my assumptions still hold tough.

Even with FTL travel, I can hardly imagine resources can be transported where they are needed for free. They may get there in an instant, but it will still need a substantial amount of energy to operate any such drive. Otherwise they could just transfer every soldier and every piece of equipment from their home world onto earth surface in a matter of seconds, completely surprising us and oblitering any hopes or chances of defending ourselfs or merely surviving, and be home in time for lunch. That would make for a fairly boring game.
So I think they would have a need to establish and over time improve some kind of supply chain. It's not even merely a matter of transporting goods and vessels, but also setting up their equivalents of field hospitals, maintenance facilities, probably even entertainment and recreational facilities close to the front lines.
It also fits the fluff. Why else would their presence grow stronger and more threatening over time? Obviously for balancing reasons, but try putting that in the UFOpedia :D

Even if the only things they want from earth would still be present and unharmed after a long all out conflict, they would still try to avoid that to preserve the resources they would have to ship here to wage such a war. Even if they could resupply nearly at a whim and they got their equipment for close to free, there is still a cost. They would surely try to avoid that cost. So they would try to adapt their tactics to our responses to avoid loss.

I think it is fair to assume that they have not peacefully coexisted on their home world through all of their biological and social evolution, but that they have fought wars with one another. That means they would have to have developed some type of strategic and tactical knowledge, as they have faced enemies as potent as they are themselfs, since that's exactly who they were fighting. Therefore I imagine they have come to similar conclusions as we have: gather intel, preserve your own resources and deplete your enemies, strike a weaker force with overwhelming strength to avoid casualties. While they can clearly judge from our level of technology that we are no match for them, again why not act on knowledge gained, on lessons learned. Their initial plans will surely be full of flaws and even after gaining enough intel and changing their strategy accordingly, nothing hinders the player to change his own strategy too. Then again all bets are off.
As it stands for now, basically the game works a bit like this: Build up your bases, manpower and equipment to a certain level while fighting of aliens. Then just sit there bored, with loads of missions that have all become to easy, waiting for some research to finish so you can go to their base, kill them off and finish the campaign. After a single campaign you have probably already figured out a strategy that will work 99% of the time. That's neither motivating nor does it create replayability. An AI that adapts to your actions forces you to adapt in turn, keeping the game fresh and motivating. And knowing that at some point you will no longer be able to keep them at bay is in my opinion exactly the kind of feeling one should have while playing.
So while their initial tactic may be stupid and flawed and they might never achieve to perfect it (after all, they have millions of years of history and evolution to catch up on), they should become more dangerous over time not only via numbers, but more intelligent actions and reactions.

Hertzila:

--- Quote from: pack.wolf on February 21, 2012, 07:32:23 pm ---Even with FTL travel, I can hardly imagine resources can be transported where they are needed for free. They may get there in an instant, but it will still need a substantial amount of energy to operate any such drive. Otherwise they could just transfer every soldier and every piece of equipment from their home world onto earth surface in a matter of seconds, completely surprising us and oblitering any hopes or chances of defending ourselfs or merely surviving, and be home in time for lunch. That would make for a fairly boring game.
So I think they would have a need to establish and over time improve some kind of supply chain. It's not even merely a matter of transporting goods and vessels, but also setting up their equivalents of field hospitals, maintenance facilities, probably even entertainment and recreational facilities close to the front lines.
It also fits the fluff. Why else would their presence grow stronger and more threatening over time? Obviously for balancing reasons, but try putting that in the UFOpedia :D

--- End quote ---

Note that they have already done a massive attack, many in fact (though all could conceivably be part of a single operation). IMO, there is another way to understand the situation and explain the Sorting Algorithm of Evil, other than a simple supply problem.

Simply put, we beat 'em. You might call it a Pyrrhic Victory and you'd be at least somewhat right but we did beat them. Their main armies and the best/'best' guys are dead from the massive defences we managed to mount. What you are fighting at the start are the b-companies and the maintenance guys and such, haphazardly equipped and sent to try and do what the main invasions were supposed and failed to do. Then the better guys 'finally' start rolling in and you see the armored and better armed guys, doing what they'd now consider a better strategy: squad-based "covert actions" and small missions, exactly the kind of stuff PHALANX would be perfect at countering.
Why not do another big invasion? We proved already that we are capable of forcing them to retreat and we have prepared the whole time they announced themselves. Doing another one after they've recovered the capability would be suicidal, as we would be much better prepared on a global scale too (I seriously doubt PHALANX keeps its research to itself).

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